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In relation to religious orders, a third order is an association of persons who live according to the ideals and spirit of a Catholic, Anglican, or Lutheran religious order, but do not belong to its "first order" (generally, in the Catholic Church, the male religious: for example Franciscans, Dominicans, Carmelite and Augustinian friars), or its "second order" (contemplative female religious associated with the "first order"). Members of third orders, known as tertiaries (Latin ''tertiarii'', from ''tertius'', third), may be lay men and women or ordained men (or women, if the tradition ordains them) who do not take religious vows, but participate in the good works of order and may be allowed to wear at least some elements of the order's habit, such as a scapular. Less often, they belong to a religious institute (a "congregation") that is called a "third order regular".〔(Orlando O. Espín, James B. Nickoloff, ''An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies'' (Liturgical Press 2007 ISBN 9780814658567), p. 1363 )〕 Roman Catholic canon law states: :Associations whose members share in the spirit of some religious institute while in secular life, lead an apostolic life, and strive for Christian perfection under the higher direction of the same institute are called third orders or some other appropriate name.〔(Code of Canon Law, canon 303 )〕 The old monastic orders had attached to their abbeys confraternities of lay men and women, going back in some cases to the 8th century. The ''Confraternity Book of Durham'' is extant and embraces some 20,000 names in the course of eight centuries. Emperors and kings and the most illustrious men in church and state were commonly confraters of one or other of the great Benedictine abbeys. The confraters and consorors were made partakers in all the religious exercises and other good works of the community to which they were affiliated, and they were expected in return to protect and forward its interests; but they were not called upon to follow any special rule of life. == Name == Religious orders that arose in the 12th-13th centuries often had a ''first order'' (the male religious, who were first established), the ''second order'' (nuns, established second), and then the ''third order'' of laity who were established third. Saint Francis of Assisi, for example, is said to have established the Friars Minor, the Poor Clares, and the Third Order of Saint Francis. In some cases the members of a third order, wishing to live in a more monastic and regulated way of life, became "regulars" (religious living under a rule, in Latin, ''regula'') as members of a religious institute. These religious institutes or "congregations" are classified as belonging to the third order ''regular''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「third order」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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